EFFECTS OF ALUM APPLICATION AND WATER QUALITY ON SOME PROPERTIES IN DEGRADED SOIL AND YIELD OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/k6jw7z43Keywords:
Cation Exchange Capacity, Climate change, drip irrigation, soil amendments, salinityAbstract
Soil degradation and water scarcity are considered the main challenges that are faced the agricultural production, particularly with changing climate. The objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of alum in improving some soil chemical properties using two qualities of irrigation water . The experimental study was conducted in the Anbar Governorate / Al-Khayrat district in the fall season in degraded clay loam soil. The experimental design for the study site was the split- Block arrangement with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. This study included two factors: the main factor was water quality with river water (1.8 dS m-1) and well water (3.8 dS m-1), and the secondery factor was alum application with eight levels (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 %) based on dry soil. The results showed that pH, EC were decreased by 12.7, 65.1%, respectively when applied 0.8% of alum at the irrigation of river water and decreased by 11.9, 61.4 %, respectively when applied 1.0% of alum at irrigation with well water as compared to control treatment. While an increase occurred in CEC of about 20.0 and 19.8% at the irrigation of river and well water, respectively as compared to control treatment.While the addition of all levels of aluminum sulfate (alum) led to a significant effect on the available nitrogen in the soil and the biological yield when treating alum a5, which reached 48.6% and 48.50, respectively.
Received date: 14/5/2022
Accepted date: 24/8/2022
Published date: 26/1/2026
References
Akhtar M., F. Hussain, M. Ashraf, T. Qureshi, J. Akhtar, and A. Awan. 2012. Influence of salinity on nitrogen transformations in soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43,1674–1683.
Al balawna, Z., and I. Abu-Abdoun. 2021. effect of adding dilute Sulphuric acid on calcareous soil properties in Jordan Valley. Archives of Agriculture Research and Technology (AART), 2(1): 1023.
Al-Furaiji, H.T.R., Shamsullah, J.A. 2019. Effect of calcium carbide, humic acid and nitrogen application on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)Plant ArchivesOpen source preview, 19, pp. 111–117.
Ali, N. Sh. 2012. Fertilizers Technologies and Their Uses. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Baghdad. Bookstore for printing, publishing, and translation.Z, pp: 195-197.
Al-Mamouri, A. D. 2012. The role of Sedimentation Pattern, Calcium to Magnesium Ratio and Ionic Strength in the Properties of Carbonate Minerals and Their Effect on Zinc Absorption. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of Agriculture. University of Baghdad. pp: 74-77.
Al-Obaidi, H. Sh. A. 2015. Effect of Saline Irrigation Method and Sludge Addition on Salinity, Soil Solution Composition and Maize Yield. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of Agriculture. University of Baghdad. pp: 92-94.
Al-Sinjari, M. A. F. 2000. Study of the Effect of Calcium Carbonate on Surface and Aggregate Properties of Some Selected Soils in Northern Iraq. Master's thesis, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul. pp:67-70.
Al-Zubaidi, Ah. H. 1989. Soil Salinity (Theoretical and Applied Foundations) College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad - Bait Al-Hikmah Press. pp: 81- 85.
Ambalam, K. 2014. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification: Issues and Challenges, E-International Relations, 30: 1-15.
Arora, N. K., S. K. Chaudhari, J. A. Farooqi, and A. K. Rai. 2018. Chemical properties of the salt-affected soils and performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with saline and alkali water irrigation. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 66 (3): 258-267.
Asgari, F. A., and A. Fakher. 1994. Soil swelling and dispersion from a Geotechnical Engineers point of view. Jahad Daneshgahi Publication, Tehran University, pp:245.
DOI:10.28927/SR.362221
Black, C.A.1965. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Am. Soc. Agron. Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
El-Shazly, M. A., R. A. El-Dissoky, and M. S. Awaad. 2014. Effect of soil amendments and nitrogen fertilizer sources on sugar beet productivity grown under salt affected soil conditions. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 5(2): 267-278.
DOI:10.21608/jssae.2014.49105
Farag, F. A., M. A. El Shazely , A. H. Abd Elrahman, and M. S. Awaad. 2013. soil management and improvement of salt affected soils. J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ, 4 (9): 907 – 919.
Haj-Amor, Z., H. Hashemi, and S. Bouri. 2018. The consequences of saline irrigation treatments on soil physicochemical characteristics. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 3(1): 1-12.
doi.org/10.1007/s41207-018-0064-y
Hassan, W.F., J.A., Shamsullah, H.A.Dina, 2023. Organic Fertilizer and Nano-Micronutrient Impact on the Availability of Nutrients for Rice Crop under the System of Rice Intensification.Biopesticides InternationalOpen source preview,19(1), pp. 83–89.
DOI: 10.59467/BI.2023.19.83
Hossain, M. S. 2019. Present scenario of global salt affected soils, its management and importance of salinity research. Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci, 1(1): 1-3.
Jackson, M. L. 1958. Soil Chemical Analysis Prentice Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 498, 183-204
Kim, J. G., S. S. Lee, H. S. Moon, and I. M. Kang. 2002. Land application of alum sludge from water purification plant to acid mineral soil treated with acidic water. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 48(1), 15-22.
DOI:10.1080/00380768.2002.10409166
Kukadia, M. U., M.S. Desai, R.H. Patel, and V.K. Gupta. 1983. Line x tester analysis for combining ability in sorghum. J. Gujarat Agricultural University. Research 9: 5-10.
Lodhi, A., M. Arshad, F. Azam, M. H. Sajjad, and M. Ashraf. 2009. Changes in mineral and mineralizable N of soil incubated at varying salinity, moisture and temperature regimes. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(2), 967-980.DOI:10.1080/00103624.2012.681738
Luo, J. Q., L. L. Wang, Q. S. Li, Q. K. Zhang, B. Y. He, Y. Wang, and S. S. Li. 2015. Improvement of hard saline–sodic soils using polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PAFS). Soil and Tillage Research, 149: 12-20.
Manzoor, M. Z. 2019. Leaching Fraction; an efficient soil management strategy for the use of brackish water in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). MSc (Hons)/M Phil. Soil Science thesis, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. 32(3): 549-554. doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2019/32.3.549.554
Murtaza, G., G. Sarwar, M.A. Tahir, F. Mujeeb, S. Muhammad, M. Z. Manzoor, and A. Zafar. 2020. Judicious use of saline water for growing Sorghum fodder through the application of organic matter. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 33(1), 106.DOI:10.17582/journal.pjar/2020/33.1.106.112
Page, A. L., R. H. Miller, and D. R. Kenney. 1982. Method of Soil Analysis, 2nd (ed) Agron. 9. Publisher, Madiason, Wisconsin. pp: 1159-1165.
Pessoa, L. G. M., M. B. dos Santos Freire, R. L. dos Santos, F. J. Freire, M. F. Miranda, and P. R, dos Santos. 2019. Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I-Effects on soil chemical properties. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 13(7): 1169-1176.DOI:10.21475/ajcs.19.13.07.p1686
Phocaides, A. 2001. Handbook on Pressurized Irrigation Techniques FAO consultant, Rome. Chapter 7, Water Quality for Irrigation.
Qureshi, A. S., W. Ahmad, and A. F. Ahmad. 2013. Optimum groundwater table depth and irrigation schedules for controlling soil salinity in central Iraq. Irrigation and Drainage, 62(4): 414-424.
Richards, L. A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. 78(2): p 154.
Shahbaz, M., and M. Ashraf. 2013. Improving salinity tolerance in cereals. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 32(4): 237-249. DOI:10.1080/07352689.2013.758544
Shamsullah, J.A., B.A., Hamid, W.F. Hassan, 2023.Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Fermented Poultry Waste on Pigments Balance and Lettuce Plant Growth.Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental ScienceOpen source preview, 2023, 1213(1).doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1213/1/012007
Sun YN. 2011. Study on the auxiliary effect of leaching on improving soda saline-alkaline soil with aluminum sulfate. Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, S156.4.
Xiao, F., B. Zhou, H. Wang, M. Duan, and L. Fen. 2022. Effects of different soil amendments on physicochemical property of soda saline-alkali soil and crop yield in Northeast China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 15(1): 192-198.DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221501.6252
Zhou, M., X. Liu, Q. Meng, X. Zeng, J. Zhang, D. Li, D., and X. Ma. 2019. Additional application of aluminum sulfate with different fertilizers ameliorates saline-sodic soil of Songnen Plain in Northeast China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19(10): 3521-3533. DOI:10.1007/s11368-019-02311-9
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 T. K. Obaid, J. A. Shamsullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
