EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST EXTRACT AND MINERAL FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD OF BARLEY AND SOME NUTRIENTS AVAILABILITY IN THE SOIL

Authors

  • Haider A. Al-Maamori
  • Sinan Samir Juma
  • Firas W. Ahmed

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36103/d8tsm607

Keywords:

leaf area; biological yield; barley

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of vermicompost extract and mineral fertilizer on growth, grain yield of barley and nutrients availability during the season 2021-2022, in clay loam soil using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD). Vermicompost extract was added at three levels: without addition (VE0), injected into the soil (VE1) and applied as a foliar application (VE2). Mineral fertilizer was added at (0, 50 and 100%) from the recommended level Symbolized (C0, C1 and C2) sequentially. Results showed a significant effect of adding mineral fertilizer at 100% from the recommended level in available nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil achieved 32.06 mg N kg-1 and 21.55 mg P kg-1 respectively, and also excelled in plant height, leaf area, stalks number, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and biological yield) which achieved 66.36 cm and 18.45 cm2, 7.91 stalks plant-1, 41.78 g, 4.05 and 10.93 Mg ha-1 respectively. Vermicompost extract gave a significant effect as a spray on the plants compared to the injected into the soil in available nitrogen, phosphorus in the soil, stalks number, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield and biological yield which achieved 31.48 mg N kg-1, 19.72 mg P kg-1, 7.58 stalks plant-1, 39.43 g, 4.02 and 10.34 Mg ha-1 respectively.

References

1. Abdel-Haleem, E. S., H. M. Farrag, B. A. K. R. Abeer, and K. G. Abdelrasheed. 2022. Combined use of compost, compost tea, and vermicompost tea improves soil properties, and growth, yield and quality of (Allium cepa L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 50(1): 12565-12575.

https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50112565

2. Abhishek, A., S. K. Thakral, P. Kumar, B. Rahul, S. Bhardwaj, A. Pareek, and M. Saini. 2024. Growth, yield attributes and yields of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different levels of fertilizer and vermicompost grown under every furrow and alternate furrow irrigation methods. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science. 36(6): 511-519.

DOI:10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64653

3. Ahmad, N., S. Hussain, M. A. Ali, A. Minhas, W. Waheed, S. Danish, and R. Datta. 2022. Correlation of soil characteristics and citrus leaf nutrients contents in current scenario of Layyah District. Horticulturae. 8(1): 61-69.

DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010061

4. Ajibade, S., H. A. Mupambwa, A. Manyevere, and P. N. S. Mnkeni. 2022. Vermicompost amended with rock phosphate as a climate smart technology for production of organic Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 6(2): 1-12.

DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.757792

5. Al-Halfi, D. A. N., and S. S. J. Al-Azzawi. 2022. Effect of organic fertilizer sources and chemical fertilization on some soil physical traits and yield of summer squash (Cucurbta Pepo L.). Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection 14(2): 74-81.

DOI: 10.28936/jmracpc14.2.2022.(9)

6. Al-Khafaji, A. M.H. H., and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2023. Upgrading growth, yield, and folate levels of lettuce via salicylic acid and spirulina, vermicompost aqueous extracts. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(1), 235-241. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1696

7. Al-Maamori, H. A., A. D. Salman, M. Al-Budeiri, Y. A. O. Al-Shami, and E. M. Al-Shaabani. 2023. Effect of vermicompost production on some soil properties and nutrients in plants. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1214(1): 1-12.‏

doi:10.1088/17551315/1214/1/012006

8. Ali, M. Y., Md N. A., Z. A. Baba, and B. Hassan. 2021. Sustainable management of diseases and pests in crops by vermicompost and vermicompost tea. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-020-00657-w

9. Al-Mashhadany, A. H., and M. Z. K. Al-Mharib. 2023. Effect of fertilizers starter solutions on growth and production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Res. Crop. 24 (1): 119-122.

DOI: 10.31830/23487542.2023.ROC-11155

10. Abdel-Haleem, E., H. M. Farrag, B. A. K. R. Abeer, and K. G. Abdelrasheed. 2022. Combined use of compost, compost tea, and vermicompost tea improves soil properties, and growth, yield, and quality of (Allium cepa L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 50(1), 12565-12565. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha50112565

11. Al-Rawi, Z. H. D., and J.S. Alkobaisy. 2023. Effect of mycorrhizae, azotobacter and vermicompost tea on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) concentrations in soil and cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1259(1): 1-12.‏

DOI: 10.1088/17551315/1259/1/012010

12. Al-Silmawy, N. A. J. K., and H. A. Abdul-Ratha. 2023. Effect of biofertilizer, vermicompost and phosphate fertilizer on growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae Var. botrytis). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 54(2): 505- 515. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1726

13. Arancon, N., J. V. Cleave, R. Hamasaki, K. Nagata, and J. Felts. 2020. The influence of vermicompost water extracts on growth of plants propagated by cuttings. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 43(2): 176-185.‏

https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.1659355

14. Aslam, Z., A. Ahmad, R. N. Abbas, M. Sarwar, and S. Bashir. 2023. Morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to vermicompost, simple compost and NP fertilizer applications. Pak. J. Bot. 55(6): 2143-2154.‏

DOI: 10.30848/PJB2023-6(24)

15. Bashour, I., and A. Al-Sayegh. 2007. Methods of Soil Analysis for Arid and Semi-arid Areas. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Pp 325.

https://msibsri4313.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/methods-of-soil-analysis-for-arid-semiarid-regions.pdf

16. Bertrand, M., S. Barot, M. Blouin 2015. Earthworm services for cropping systems. A review. Agron Sust Dev. 35(2): 553–567.

https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0269-7.

17. Blouin, M., J. Barrere, N. Meyer, S. Lartigue, S. Barot, and J. Mathieu. 2019. Vermicompost significantly affects plant growth. A meta-analysis. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 39(1): 1-15.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593019-0579-x

18. Ghaffari, H., M. R. Tadayon, M. Bahador, and J. Razmjoo. 2022. Biochemical and yield response of sugar beet to drought stress and foliar application of vermicompost tea. Plant Stress. 5(2): 1-14.‏

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2022.100087

19. Gong, H., F. Meng, G. Wang, T. E. Hartmann, G. Feng, J. Wu, and F. Zhang. 2022. Toward the sustainable use of mineral phosphorus fertilizers for crop production in China: From primary resource demand to final agricultural use. Science of the Total Environment. 804(4): 1-15.‏

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150183

20. Gupta, V., R.K. Mittal and R. Mittal. 2019. Impact of vermicompost on soil fertility, crop yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). International Journal of Chemical Studies. 7(1): 1017-1025.

DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64653

21. Helaly, A. A. E. H., and R. El-Dakak. 2021. Effect of organic liquid vermicompost as a substitute for chemical fertilizer on morphological and biochemical characteristics in lettuce. Assiut. Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 52(3): 69-81.

DOI: 10.21608/ajas.2021.98808.1047

22. Hussein, M. 2023. Performance of N, P and K plant uptake, as affected by application both compost tea, vermicompost tea, and rhizobia for faba bean plant. Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology. 8(3): 58-66.‏

DOI: 10.21608/mjab.2023.182603.1005

23. Imenu, T., A. Tolera, and L. Kinde. 2023. Amalgamated NPS fertilizer on crop performance and nodulation of soybean varieties on acidic soil. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 54(2):399- 412. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1714

24. Joshi, R., J. singh, and A. P. Vig. 2015. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent: effect on growth, yield and quality of plants. Reviews in environmental science and bio Technology, 14(1): 137-150.

DOI: 10.1186/2251-7715-2-16

25. Juma, S. S., F. W. Ahmed, and A. H. Alsalman. 2024. Effect of humic acid, calcium and poultry waste on growth and yield of broccoli. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1302(1): 1-12.

DOI: 10.1088/17551315/1302/1/012119

26. Kaur, A., B. Singh, P. Ohri, J. Wang, R. Wadhwa, S. C. Kaul, and A. Kaur. 2018. Organic cultivation of ashwagandha with improved biomass and high content of active with anolides: use of vermicompost. PLOS One. 13(4): 19-31.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194314

27. Kumar, A, A. Singh and P. K. Singh. 2019. Economic analysis of different nutrient management practices on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in rainfed conditions. Agriculture Update. 14(1): 160-163.

DOI: 10.59797/ija.v66i4.2888

28. Lasiter, M. L. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Foliar and Systematic Aerated Aqueous Vermicompost Solutions on Plant Growth and Pest Densities of Citrus Nursery Trees. M.Sc Thesis, Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.

http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/215376

29. Levinsh, G., M. Vikmane, A. Ķirse, and A. Karlsons. 2017. Effect of vermicompost extract and vermicompost-derived humic acids on seed germination and seedling growth of hemp. In Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section.

DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2017-0048

30. Mahdi, N. G., T. Razeghizadeh, M. S. Taghizadeh, and H. R. Boostani. 2019. Effect of sheep manure and its produced vermicompost and biochar on the properties of a calcareous soil after barley harvest. Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 50(7): 1-16.

DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2019.1671444

31. Mahmood, Y. A., I.Q. Mohammed, and F. W. Ahmed. 2020. Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar application with Garlic extract, Whey and bio fertilizer of bread yeast in availability of NPK in soil and plant, Growth and Yield of Tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill). Plant Archives. 20(Supplement 1):151-158.

http://www.plantarchives.org/SPECIAL%20ISSUE%2020-1/29__151-158_.pdf

32. Mahmood, Y. A., I.Q. Mohammed , F. W. Ahmed, and K. A. Wheib. 2020. Effect of organic, mineral fertilizers and foliar application of humic acid on growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Ecology. 47 (Special Issue 10): 39-44.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v55iSpecial.1894

33. Mahmoud, E. K., and M. M. Ibrahim. 2012. Effect of vermicompost and its mixtures with water treatment residuals on soil chemical properties and barley growth. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 12 (3): 431-440.

https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jsspn/v12n3/aop0512.pdf

34. Manthei, R. 2021. A Comparison Trial of Vermicompost Teas as Hydroponic Nutrient Solutions Against Commercial Fertilizers: Identifying Nutrients and Plant Production. M.Sc Thesis.. Texas State University. Pp. 137.

https://hdl.handle.net/10877/13510

35. Marinari, S., G. and Masciandaro, B. Ceccanti, and S. Grego. 2000. Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and physical properties. Bioresource Technology. 72(2): 9–17.

DOI: 10.1016/S09608524(99)00094-2

36. Masondo, N. A., M.G. Kulkarni, K. R. R. Rengasamy. 2016. Effect of vermicompost leachate in Ceratotheca triloba under nutrient deficiency. Acta Physiol Plant 38(3): 236-245.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738016-2252-1

37. Masood, S., M. Suleman, S. Hussain, M. Jamil, M. Ashraf, M. H. Siddiqui, and M. Tahir. 2023. Fertilizers containing balanced proportions of NH4+-N and NO3−-N enhance maize (Zea mays L.) Yield Due to Improved Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency. Sustainability. 15(16): 12-24.‏

DOI: 10.3390/su151612547

38. Moridi, A., M. Zarei, A. A. Moosavi, and A. Ronaghi. 2021. Effect of liquid organic fertilizers and soil moisture status on some biological and physical properties of soil. Polish Journal of Soil Science. 54(1): 42-58.

DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2021.54.1.41-58

39. Naser, K. M., A. M. Shref, and M. F. Kudher. 2020. The effect of adding some organic and mineral substances to calcareous soil on adsorption and desorption of copper and its removal efficiency from soil. Plant Archives. 20(1): 549 – 555.

http://www.plantarchives.org/SPECIAL%20ISSUE%20201/108__549-555_.pdf

40. Naumi, W. Wijaya, and S. Wahyuni. 2024. The effect of the proportion of vermicompost fertilizer in planting media on the growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.) calina cultivar. Plant Archives. 23(2): 610 – 624.

DOI: 10.62885/agrosci.v1i3.178

41. Oyege, I., and B.M.S. Balaji. 2023. Effects of vermicompost on soil and plant health and promoting sustainable agriculture. Soil Systems. 7(4): 1-27.‏

DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems7040101

42. Raju, A. R. 2023. Validation of bio-stimulant seed treatment, soil and foliar application of nano DAP, Urea, K, Zn, Cu, B formulations in a flood affected Bt hybrid cotton. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 35(21): 286-300.‏

DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213975

43. Sewhag, M. 2020. Yield and yield components of barley as influenced by various combinations of nitrogen fertilizer, vermicompost and biomix. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 34(3): 1-9.

44. Sharma, S. K., D. S. Rana, and R. K. Sharma. 2017. Effect of different levels of NPK on yield and nutrient uptake of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(8): 1386-1393.

45. Shilan H. S., and J. H. Shara. 2022. Effect of NPK and organic fertilizers on yield and seed oil content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 53(4): 878-889. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i4.1600

46. Singh, A, A. Kumar, and P. K. Singh. 2020. Effect of vermicompost on soil fertility and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed conditions. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 9(2): 2737-2740.

47. Sniatala, B., T. A. Kurniawan, D. Sobotka, J. Makinia, and M. H. D. Othman. 2023. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. Science of the total Environment. 856: 159283.‏

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283

48. Salman, A.D., and A. H. Abdul Razzaq. 2022. Effect of cultivation dates and different sources of soil fertilization on vegetative characteristics, quality and yield of broccoli. Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci. 18(1): 165-171.

https://connectjournals.com/03899.2022.18.165

49. Safaee, M., A. Rahimi, B. Torabi, and A. Khoram.2017. Effect of vermi-compost fertilizer application and foliar spraying of compost tea and acid humic on growth indices of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agroecology, 9(3), 805-820. 10.22067/jag.v9i3.51879

50. Van, G. J. W., I.M. Lubbers, and H.M.J. Vos. 2014. Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 4(2): 6365.

https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06365.

51. Vojevoda, L., A. Osvalde, G. Čekstere, and A. Karlsons. 2017. Assesment of the Impact of Vermicompost and Peat Extracts on Accumulation in Tubers and Potato. In International Scientific Conference Rural Development pp: 178-181. DOI: 10.15544/RD.2017.166

52. Waldan.A.A. Ibrahim, and H. A. Abdul- Ratha. 2024. Effect of vermicompost and biofertilization on the availability of some soil nutrients, growth and yield of squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(5), 1627-1636. https://doi.org/10.36103/v5a0jb16

Downloads

Published

2025-04-24

Issue

Vol. 56 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Haider A. Al-Maamori, Sinan Samir Juma, & Firas W. Ahmed. (2025). EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST EXTRACT AND MINERAL FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD OF BARLEY AND SOME NUTRIENTS AVAILABILITY IN THE SOIL . IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 56(2), 935-945. https://doi.org/10.36103/d8tsm607

Most read articles by the same author(s)